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The UK political parties, key policies and their differencesMembership and funding withinb political partiesUK electoral systemHow individuals contribute to the political processThe role of the UK within the worldInternational activities and foreign policyZ.T    INTRODUCTION  zIn a democracy the will of the majority prevails while the interests of the minorities must always be respected.1918  all males over 21 and females over 30 given the right to vote.1928  voting age for women lowered to 211969  voting age lowered to 18Ongoing debate as to whether the age should be reduced to 16>Z>=  INTRODUCTION   In the UK we vote for candidates who represent the main political parties or who represent smaller groups or themselvesConstituencies in the UK have about 75000 who are eligible to voteIt is unusual for candidates to win a seat if they are not backed by a main partyZ   INTRODUCTION  $1950 s  2 parties (conservative and Labour)95% of all votes cast were for these two partiesNowadays there are many more partiesWe may also vote in a referendum to decide individual issuesThere are strong complaints about our current  first past the post voting system   POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE UK A political party is a group of people with shared ideological or policy aims that seek to achieve power through electionAll MP s (House of Commons) elected in single member constituencies in a  first past the post system646 constituencies (will rise to 650 at next election)House of Lords 615 life peers and 91 hereditary peersScotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own assemblies or parliamentsUK elects 75 (out of 732) members of the European Parliament.Z  &PARTY REPRESENTATION IN ELECTED BODIES& UWHY SO DIFFERENT?TimingPublic change of mindDifferent voting systemsPersonalitiesU  UK ELECTORAL SYSTEM rFirst past the post (used in general elections)Proportional voting systems used in European Parliament electionsrsr   FIRST PAST THE POST - WEAKNESSES  An MP may be elected with very little support. In 2005, in Brighton, the winning candidate received 15,427 votes (22.6%)Therefore, it is sometimes that case that the party with the most seats has not received the most votesIn 2007 Labour 35.3% of the national vote but were rewarded with 55% of the parliamentary seats. They had more votes than any other party (largest minority) but less than the others combined. Should they have overall majority? P  PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTAION Seats allocated in same proportion as votes castIf a party had the overall majority of votes then that party would be given the majority of seatsTo change the support of most MP s is needed. May only happen in a  hung parliament.Z  VOTING BEHAVIOUR Turnout  can t be botheredIssues  council tax, Iraq warPartisan alignment  link to social classAge  older generations more likely to voteEducation  increase in graduates who support  third parties such as the Green party or Lib DemsGender  focus an the family and child welfare tends to attract the female voteGeographyMPM.  Z  2005 POLITICAL MAP  PRESSURE GROUPS BA means by which individuals can campaign to change government policy.As membership of political parties has decreased membership of pressure groups has increasedCan be  insider or  outsider groupsInsider groups have good working relationships with the government and often use them to help form policy e.g. Age ConcernOutsider groups, e.g. Liberty, do not have such a close working relationship wit governmentP ^THE UK s ROLE IN THE WORLD International Bodies/ dCommonwealth of NationsUnited NationsEuropean Union (EU)North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)d THE UK s ROLE IN THE WORLD International activities and democratic control LLK How we use our memberships of international bodies in an increasingly global environmentDetermination to get the world to respond to issues such as climate changeSkill with which we communicate to the worldAid THE UK s ROLE IN THE WORLD How democratic is UK foreign policy? AA@ EU/European Parliament is the only international body that the UK belongs to that gives British people a democratic say Representatives in NATO and the commonwealth are not directly democratically elected, however democracy is in place through the need to report back to parliamentIn 2008 the Iraq war was the most significant and unpopular foreign policy. In 2003 it was more popular, hence the protests did not deter parliament from voting in favour. Would they have voted for it now? Z"  8   0` ̙3ff3ff` ff723f` ___WW-|` 3U33ff` f3f` ff33fCK` S vi3f3` LLff3ff` QVV3Y` .]\̙̙B>?" dd@!?lFd@"   @ `  n?" dd@   @@``PT !   @ ` `)p>>  D(    6XIk "P  kT Click to edit Master title style! !$  0A` " kRClick to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level!   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